Low-cost drying methods for developing countries

Low-cost drying technologies suitable for rural farming areas are presented. Some of the important considerations with regard to their suitability include: 1. Low initial capital; 2. easy-to-operate with no complicated electronic/ mechanical protocol, and 3. effective in promoting better drying kinetics. The drying technologies that were selected include fluidized bed, spouted bed, infrared, solar, simple convective and desiccant drying. A brief introduction on each drying technology has been presented followed by some technical details on their working operations. Examples of farming crops suitable for the employment of individual drying technology are provided to illustrate their potential application in agricultural product drying. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.